Lars johansson, in principles of translational science in medicine. The most commonly used tracer is technetium99m, a metastable nuclear isomer chosen for its relatively long half. The essential physics of medical imaging, jt bushberg, ja seibert, em leidholdt jr, jm boone, 3rd edition, 2012, 680681. Squamous cell carcinoma in the head and neck region is one of the most widespread cancers with high morbidity. Lukes episcopal hospital, houston, texas objective. Pdf gamma camera technology has evolved during the past two or three decades and is now a mature product. Types of radiation halflife introduction gamma cameras image the radiation from a tracer introduced into the patients body. Pet is a 3d imaging technique for the indirect detection of positrons. Gamma cameras or scintillation cameras are pieces of apparatus which allow radiologists to carry out scintigraphy scans, tests which. Nuclear nuclear gamma camera equipment guide model. The first quality control julie blust department of nuclear medicine, st. Acceptance testing and annual physics survey recommendations for gamma camera, spect, and spectct systems the report of aapm task group 177 james r. Gamma camera imaging is differentiated from pet as pet can image only 511 kev gamma rays that arise from positron decay.
Analytical and experimental fwhm of a gamma camera. Pdf physics and optics of a new gamma camera design. Start studying nuclear physics chap 14 the gamma camera performance characteristics. Nuclear medicine scanning involves the use of radioisotopes and so has the usual risks associated with ionising.
Gamma cameras image the radiation from a tracer introduced into the patients body. The gamma camera is an imaging technique used to carry out functional scans of the brain, thyroid, lungs, liver, gallbladder, kidneys and skeleton. The emission of a single gamma ray is a very smallscale nuclear phenomenon. Techniques for nuclear and particle physics experiments. Most gamma cameras can be used in three essentially different modes. It is the role of the gammacamera head to amplify this microscopic radiation into an electric signal that can be detected. Camera calibration, which translates reconstructed count map into absolute activity map, is a prerequisite procedure for quantitative spect imaging. Teaching about the gamma camera and ultrasound imaging. Inject radio tracers into the body the radio tracers undergo radioactive. Practical considerations in gamma camera line spread.
Imaging and detectors for medical physics lecture 5. Review of how a gamma scintillation camera works cameras artifacts collimators 24. Classic treatment comprises the complete removal of the lymphatics. Physics in nuclear medicine university of michigan. The gamma camera has thus become the most widely used nuclearimaging instrument for clinical applications. Acraapm technical standard for nuclear medical physics performance monitoring of gamma cameras preamble this document is an educational tool designed to assist practitioners in providing appropriate radiologic care for patients. Gamma camera systems may be a single head, dualhead, or even a triple head system. Physics and imaging methods spect and pet yao wang polytechnic institute of nyu, brooklyn, ny 11201 based on j. Augmenting camera images with gamma detector data ejnmmi. Basic physics of nuclear medicinescintillation detectors. Solo is a versatile, costefficient and compact gamma camera system designed for use in hospital environments, outpatient clinics or private office. Slides to iaea nuclear medicine physics handbook iaea human. Uniformity is affected by several variables and has an obvious importance in the final image. Physics and optics of a new gamma camera design article pdf available in proceedings of spie the international society for optical engineering 1896 september 1993 with 424 reads.
Quality control of gamma camera with spect system is highly valuable for assurance performance characteristic. Quality assurance testing of gamma camera and spect. A rectilinear scanner is an imaging device, used to capture emission from radiopharmaceuticals in nuclear medicine. Specific feature is scan whole body anterior and posterior. It is well known that resolution on a gamma camera varies as a function of distance, scatter and the cameras. A handbook for teachers and students chapter 11 slide 10185.
The main purpose of gamma camera with 2 spect system is to scan brain heart, respiratory, liver and kidney. Practical considerations in gamma camera line spread function measurement. Pdf quality control of gamma camera with spect systems. The most commonly used tracer is technetium99m, a metastable nuclear isomer chosen for its relatively long halflife of six hours and its ability to be. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. I read the book, and found it a pretty entertainig read. Basic principles of gamma camera imaging and quality control. For daily tests, phantoms should be easy to handle and have. Physics in nuclear medicine cherry, sorenson and phelps. Development and application of a small gamma camera. Your nuclear medicine gamma camera scan continued are there any risks. Prompt gamma imaging with a slit camera for realtime. Collimators for a camera to work, we need to be able to reconstruct where the gamma ray came from.
Department of radiology and department of physics, west virginia university, morgantown, west virginia. Gamma camera electromagnetic radiation atomic free. Planar scintigraphy used in nuclear medicine imaging emission imaging radioactive source inside. We report the performance characteristic of gamma camera by intrinsic calibration and. Development and application of a small gamma camera kenneth l. An addendum for gamma camera pet was added in april 2000 which was prepared by dr d visvikis, dr t d frier and prof p jarritt. It is used for clinical studies producing better image and making diagnosis easier.
A gamma camera is a perfect device for detecting nuclear fission products from either nuclear detonations or nuclear power plant reactors accidents. If a gamma photon scatters within the patients body via compton scatter it will change direction and, therefore, will not hit the detector at a location corresponding to its location of origin. Nuclear physics chap 14 the gamma camera performance. If we had a radioactive source and a scintillator in the lab we could darken the room, move the.
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